Running on a treadmill and solid ground are both effective exercises to burn calories and build muscle. Yet transitioning to the treadmill from an outdoor surface during the winter months can be difficult. Certified Strength and Conditioning Coach Ryan Harber, LAT, ATC, CSCS, provides insight to making the switch from outdoor to indoor running.
A runner’s form changes when running on different surfaces. An electric treadmills’ moving belts forces the runner to coordinate their balance mechanisms in ways different from outdoor running, affecting foot impact, stride length and stride frequency. When a foot hits the belt, it compresses and even momentarily slows the stride, adding an almost imperceptible hiccup to the stride, a different mechanism from running on a track or outdoors.
The foot is in contact with a treadmill’s belt longer than it would be with a track’s surface. The belt hugs and transports the foot, and lengthens the stride behind the runner — not optimal for distance runners, who benefit more from shorter strides and quicker foot-strikes.
When running outside, legs, particularly calves, will have to work harder to propel the body forward. But when on a treadmill, the rotating belt pulls feet backward as the runner lifts them off the ground. To ensure that the muscles in the legs get the same exertion, perform additional compound exercise like leg press, squats, and calf raises during the winter.
On a track, relaxing the upper body give the lower limbs maximum force and surface control, but while on a treadmill, runners should tense their upper body and arms. This can aid in balancing on the moving belt of a treadmill.
One of the main differences in running on a treadmill versus outside, is that running outside forces the runner to pace themselves, rather than keeping up with the treadmill’s speed. Being able to run consistently at the same speed can allow for more control for running certain distances in a specific amount of time.
To minimize the shock of the transition from outdoor to indoor running, use the same shoes that are worn and broken in, then change to new ones after a couple weeks.
Treadmills offer precise control over speed and surface incline while running, and can be used in any kind of weather. While treadmill running can be convenient, exercising on a stationary machine can become boring. Run with an iPod/MP3 player to keep the treadmill from becoming boring, or treadmill run in a crowded gym and “people watch” to help pass the time.
Always remember, don’t look behind or around while running on a treadmill. This causes a destabilization in balance and can cause a runner to fall off the belt, resulting in serious injury.
Running on the treadmill during the winter months is a great way to maintain cardiovascular health and muscle strength. Keep these tips in mind to make the transition to indoor running as smooth as possible.